Foreshadowing and flashback
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Common core standards
- Grade 4 Explain major differences between poems, drama, and prose, and refer to the structural elements of poems and drama when writing or speaking about a text CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.4.5
- Structural elements of poems, e.g. verse, rhythm, meter. Structural elements of drama, e.g. casts of characters, settings, descriptions, dialogue, stage directions
- Grade 5 Explain how a series of chapters, scenes, or stanzas fits together to provide the overall structure of a particular story, drama, or poem CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.5.5
- Grade 6 Analyze how a particular sentence, chapter, scene, or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the theme, setting, or plot CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.6.5
- Grade 7 Analyze how a drama’s or poem’s form or structure (e.g., soliloquy, sonnet) contributes to its meaning CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.7.5
- Grade 8 Compare and contrast the structure of two or more texts and analyze how the differing structure of each text contributes to its meaning and style CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.8.5
- Grade 9-10 Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.9-10.5
- Grade 11-12 Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure specific parts of a text contribute to its overall structure and meaning as well as its aesthetic impact CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.11-12.5
Related articles
Teaching strategies
Foreshadowing and flashback are two literary devices that are often taught together.
Graphic organizers
- Foreshadowing from Kim's Korner is a one page chart of what happened and what was the clue.
- Prediction chart from ReadWriteThink has students list their predictions and then state if they were right.
Classroom activities
Foreshadowing
- NY Learns Making Predictions and Discovering Foreshadow is a well developed 8th grade lesson plan on predictions and foreshadowing. It has lots of resources attached-- some are SMART board files. Even if you don't have one, the attached prediction paragraph rubric is still pretty good.
- Prediction Cards from Scholastic is another mini-lesson that has students create prediction cards about a story to share with their peers. Their peers then make predictions about the story from the information given on the cards and discover if they were right.
- Learner.org Foreshadowing is barely even a mini-lesson-- it's a handout to give groups of students when they begin to read a story telling them what to look for as they read and some guiding questions.
- Teacher1Stop Predicting and Foreshadowing is a brief lesson with a video link and really good foreshadowing graphic organizer. The lesson is for grades 5 and up.
Flashback
- Flashback is a brief, middle school lesson on flashback with passages for students to read and discussion questions.
Foreshadowing and flashback
- Scholastic’s Foreshadowing and Flashback Lesson uses the “Tell-Tale Heart” by Edgar Allen Poe to introduce the concepts and includes the story, follow up activities and worksheets. It’s a very well put together lesson package.
Cyber games and activities
| Harcourt Predictions Grade 3 has students read short passages and predict what will happen next. Foreshadowing is not explicitly mentioned in the game. |
| Ed Place Flashbacks is an interactive worksheet that guides students through the steps of creating their own stories with flashbacks. |
iPad apps
Free worksheets
Foreshadowing
- Teach-nology Prediction has students read short, simple paragraphs and make a prediction about what will happen next. The questions do not specifically address foreshadowing.
- ISL Collective Looney Tunes Foreshadowing has students read examples from Looney Tunes cartoons and state what each example foreshadows. Aimed at elementary school students.
- Foggy Figures from Superteacher is a two page story with numerous questions (multiple choice and open ended) about foreshadowing within the story. The text is at a mid to upper elementary level.
Flashbacks
- Readworks Flashbacks and Sequence is afour page, grade 4, worksheet on flashbacks with passages for the students to read.
Foreshadowing and flashbacks
- Education.com Flashback and Foreshadowing has three passages with three questions after each asking students to identify the foreshadowing and flashbacks in the passages.
- McGraw Hill has an entire workbook on literary elements online-- foreshadowing is on page 15 and flashback on page 17
At home
Videos
| | Foreshadowing in Films is a nine minute video montage that explains foreshadowing. If you skip the narration and watch only the video clips, it would work well in a lesson. The first 30 seconds are jaws, 2:29 is a clip from Star Wars, 3:10 in is a clip from Mulan, 3:54 is a clip from Cinderella, and 6:53 is a clip from Aladdin. Each clip is under 30 seconds and then has a discussion of what was foreshadowed. |
| | Flashbacks in Twilight is a YouTube clip from Twilight that has great examples of flashbacks. Okay—at least clear examples. |
Helpful links
- Bright Hub Education has a good list of stories to use in teaching foreshadowing.
- Free PowerPoints has a downloadable slideshow on foreshadowing and flashback. Here is another one from the same website.
Product reviews
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